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Essay name: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)

Author: William James Arraj

The essay represents a study and partial English translation of the Svacchandatantra and its commentary, “Uddyota�, by Kshemaraja. The text, attributed to the deity Svacchanda-bhairava, has various names and demonstrates a complex history of transmission through diverse manuscript traditions in North India, Nepal, and beyond.

Page 158 of: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)

Page:

158 (of 511)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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152
the same rites occur. 1 The reduplication of the sacraments
rendering one a brÄhmaṇaá¸� and of the imparting of the
participation in Rudra�, described previously in the same book,
also signal compilation and redaction.
The next section (pp. 77-81) connects the previous rites,
which have eliminated karma, with the preceding operations on
the bonds. After loosening and severing the bonds, the master
(pp. 82-86) restores the self of the disciple, then worships and
gives leave to BrahmÄ, the overlord of the energy of Nivá¹›ttiá¸�, and
the lady of speech. The text next includes a parenthetical
discussion (pp. 87-95) on karma and the different kinds of
initiation. Quite logically, the adept, the text states, in contrast to
the spiritual son, requires (pp. 87-88) some karma in order to
attain and experience his desired powers and enjoyments.
Continuing this discussion, the text distinguishes two kinds of
adepts and three kinds of initiation for spiritual sons.
2 After a
statement lauding the indispensable role of the master, the
parenthetical discussion concludes, and the description of the
initiation via the energies resumes. This discussion repeats with
some variation the other parenthetical statements in this book
concerning the varieties of initiation and of initiates. This
reduplication and the final panegryic tone, thus strengthen the
evidence for assuming here a later redactorial interpolation.
The initiation via energies proceeds (pp. 96-98) with the
joining of Nivá¹›ttiá¸� to the next energy, PratiṣṭhÄ. The ritual
officiant then repeats for PratiṣṭhÄ, the rites just performed for
Nivá¹›ttih. The text abbreviates the description that varies only in
its account of the energy and the relative pervasion of the other
paths. Similarly, the master repeats the procedure with the
1 V. p. 75, vs. 123, ("samskÄrÄ aṣṭabhiá¸� saha catvÄriṛśad
dvijatvÄya vaká¹£yante bhuvanÄdhvani"), referring to bk. 10, pp. 159ff.
2 Cf. supra the summary of pp. 41ff.

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