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THE SALAKA YANTRAS The salaka yantras bougies are of various shapes and serve a variety of purposes. The lengths and girths of these instruments should be determined according to the necessity of each individual case. Four probes or directors salaka in two pairs, are used for the purposes of searching esana pus in a suppurated part or limb, or in connection with uplifting, cutting and thereby withdrawing a salya from the part it has pricked into, or with a view to transfer such a body from one place to another calanam, or for the purpose of extracting it salya from the affected part. The mouths of the two types of these directors respectively resemble those of a gandupada earthworm and of a sarapurkha Tephrosia Purpurea, Pers while the other two are respectively headed like the hood of a serpent and a fish hook. A couple of directors are used for the purpose of withdrawing a foreign matter salya imbedded in any outer canal of the body srotas. The top ends of these directors are bent down a little, and they resemble a lentil seed in size. Six types of directors or probes are used in cleansing the pus from an affected part of the human organism and their top ends are fitted with caps of loose cotton. The three sorts of directors used in applying alkaline 241

medicines, are shaped like ladles, and their mouths resemble the cavities of little stone mortars (khala.) Of the six sorts of directors used in connection with the process of cauterisation (agnikarma) three are mouthed like the Jamboline fruit, while the other three are faced like a mace or a spear (ankisha A kind of director used in removing nasal tumours, is mouthed like the half of the kernel found in the inside of a Jujubestpne, with a little dip in the middle, its lip or end having a keen or sharp edge. The ends of the type of probe used in applying anjanams medicated collyria to the eyelids are wrought into two small round lobes like the matara pulse and are blunted, while the sort of probe used in cleansing the urethra, is made round like the end of the stem. of a malati flower. The rods, or pricker like instruments, or probes are described to be of various kinds and are recommended to be used for various purposes. There are two kinds of salaka with their ends shaped like the head of the earthworm. They are used for probing abscesses and sinuses. Two salaka have their ends shaped like the hood of a snake. They are useful for transferring any material from one part 242

to another. Two salaka have their ends shaped like fish hook but are blunt. They are used for extracting any extraneous material from the muscles or bones. The last six kinds probes of Susruta are practically the same as the six sanku of Vagbhata.