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The 4th century might be considered the turning point in Indian history. The popularization of Vedic religion and Indian philosophy was accelerated through the publication of a number of Puranas and the epics. The object of Puranas is to represent natural descriptions from Vedas and some historical events in the form of stories. The compilation of this Puranas was attributed to Vyasa, the author of Mahabharata. Propagation of the study of Ayurveda was attempted through Puranas only. The benefits of establishing free hospitals 33

were praised in many Puranas. Food also was supplied freely to the patients in those days along with medicines, The progress of Ayurveda was steady in those days. Ayurveda was taught as a compulsory subject along with the studies of Vedas and Sastras. Origin of Jvara is seen in Brahmapurana, that Jvara originated due to 'Rudrakopa' in connection with the destruction of `Daksayajna'. Sonia has been described as the king of herbs. The religious importance of Asvattha was also realized. It was also held that the power of amulets, mantras etc. are beyond the perception of human beings. Many drugs or plants are described in various contexts in Padma Purana such as Plaksa, Nyagrodha, Kadali, Tulasi, Amlaki, Guggulu, Kusa, Kasa, Durva, Yava, Vrihi, Pundarika, etc. Basic principles of Ayurveda are discussed in the Padma Purana like Panca Maha Bhutas and Tridosas. Origin of Ayurveda, emergence of Dhanvantari, genealogy of Divodasa etc. are seen in Visnu Purana. Classification of diseases such as Sariraka and Manasika is also seen. Among the somatic disorders Jvara, Sirahsula, Pratisyaya, Sula, Gulma, Arsa, Swayathu, Swasa, Chardi, Atisara, Kustha, etc. are mentioned. According to 34

Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Daksa Prajapati taught Ayurveda to Brahma ' and he, in turn, taught it to Bhaskara and he in turn taught Dhanvantari and other 16 disciples. Tantric practices were prevalent in those days. `Rasayana' was held as the best drug among 'Ousadhis' (Drugs). It is inferred that mercury and mercurial preparations might have been the drugs of choice. In Skanda Purana, description pertaining to the types of physicians, qualities of an ideal physician, various types of instruments and equipment required for the practice of medicine, suitable place for the construction of a hospital, plan of the hospital etc. is available. Agni Purana is a text of encyclopedic character and it contains materials concerning to all branches of Indian tradition and culture including medicine. Origin of Ayurveda and its branches are also seen in Agni Purana. Description regarding to Panca maha Bhutas, Five senses, Trigunas, Tridosas, Sapta Dhatus is also available. In the same way many references relating to Ayurveda can be seen in Puranas. 35