Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study)
by Diptimani Goswami | 2014 | 61,072 words
This page relates 鈥楽ubstance (3): Tejas (Light)鈥� of the study on the Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories with special reference to the Tarkasangraha by Annambhatta. Both Nyaya and Vaisesika are schools of ancient Indian Philosophy, and accepted in their system various padarthas or objects of valid knowledge. This study investigates how the Tarkasamgraha reflects these categories in the combined Nyayavaisesika school.
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Substance (3): Tejas (Light)
Tejas is the third dravya. 础苍苍补峁僢丑补峁弓补 defines tejas as that which has hot touch.[1] Pra艣astap膩da states in his 产丑腻峁补 that there are colour, touch, number, magnitude, distinctness, conjunction, disjunction, remoteness, proximity, fluidity and velocity in tejas. It has also bright-white colour and hot touch.[2] 艢iv膩ditya, in his 厂补辫迟补辫补诲腻谤迟丑墨[3] and 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 in his, 叠丑腻峁Ｄ乸补谤颈肠肠丑别诲补[4], discuss tejas in the same way. 碍补峁嚹乨补 also describes tejas as tejo r奴pa-蝉辫补谤艣补惫补迟.[5] Tejas 耻峁ａ箛补ta.[6] That means tejas possesses colour and touch. The touch of it is hot.
The definition of tejas is not over pervasive to hot water because there heat is due to the tejas.[7] Tejas is mainly divided into two types鈥揺ternal and noneternal. The atoms of tejas are nitya and products of tejas are anitya.[8] Tejas is again of three types鈥�艣补谤墨谤补 (body), indriya (sense-organ) and 惫颈峁测补 (object).[9] The bodies of dwellers of solar region are made of fiery. The sense-organ is the eye which is located in the forepart of the black pupil. Fiery objects are of four types, viz. (i) bhauma (earthy), (ii) divya (heavenly), (iii) audarya (gastric) and (iv) 腻办补谤补箩补 (mineral).[10] Earthy fire is the common fire etc. Heavenly fire is the lightening made of watery fuel, as well as sun-light, moon-light etc. Audarya is that which causes digestion of food eaten. 膧karaja tejas are gold, silver and other metals.[11] Pra艣astap膩da产丑腻峁补[12], 厂补辫迟补辫腻诲补谤迟丑墨[13], and 叠丑腻峁Ｄ乸补谤颈肠肠丑别诲补[14] agree with this description of tejas. Here a question may be asked thus: how can gold be a fiery substance? It possesses yellow colour and weight. Hence, it must be regarded as an earthly substance. To this the 狈测腻测补-痴补颈艣别峁办补蝉 including 础苍苍补峁僢丑补峁弓补 replies that fluidity of melted gold is not destroyed even by the application of extreme heat. But the fluidity of earthly things like clarified butter etc. is destroyed by application of fire when there is no obstacle.[15] Gold is also not a watery substance as its fluidity of water is natural. It is also different of air as it has colour. Hence, gold and other metals are tejas, though the heat and brilliancy of light are not perceived here being concealed by the obstruction of earthly colour and touch.[16]
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
耻峁ａ箛补蝉辫补谤艣补惫补迟迟别箩补岣�. 罢补谤办补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补, p.8
[2]:
r奴pa蝉辫补谤艣补sa峁僰hy膩 parim膩峁嘺p峁泃haktvasa峁儁ogavibh膩gaparatv膩paratvadravatva-sa峁僺k膩ravat 鈥� tatra 艣耻办濒补峁� 产丑腻蝉惫补谤补峁� ca 谤奴辫补峁� 耻峁ａ箛补 eva 蝉辫补谤艣补. 痴补颈艣别峁办补诲补谤艣补苍补尘 with Pra艣astap膩da产丑腻峁补, p. 22
[3]:
厂补辫迟补辫补诲腻谤迟丑墨, p. 52
[4]:
叠丑腻峁Ｄ乸补谤颈肠肠丑别诲补, p.54
[5]:
痴补颈艣别峁办补蝉奴迟谤补, 2.1.3
[6]:
Ibid., 2.2.4
[8]:
罢补谤办补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补, p.8
[9]:
Ibid
[10]:
Ibid
[11]:
Ibid
[12]:
痴补颈艣别峁办补诲补谤艣补苍补尘 with Pra艣astap膩da产丑腻峁补, pp.22-23
[13]:
厂补辫迟补辫补诲腻谤迟丑墨, p. 67
[14]:
叠丑腻峁Ｄ乸补谤颈肠肠丑别诲补, p.54
[15]:
nanu 蝉耻惫补谤峁嘺 辫腻谤迟丑颈惫补峁� p墨tatv膩dgurutv膩ddharidr膩vat iti cet na.
补迟测补苍迟腻苍补濒补蝉补峁儁辞驳别 sati gh峁泃膩dou dravatvan膩艣adar艣anena鈥�. 鈥� 顿墨辫颈办腻 on 罢补谤办补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补, p.8
[16]:
Ibid