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The fifth and the last adhyaya of this chapter deals with certain forms of marriage. Vatsyayana begins this adhyaya by instructing a lover how he should make his beloved consent their marriage. He may appoint a servant 147 She should to achieve his goal,or take help of his female friends. The Kamasutra says that the friend should speak about the excellent qualities of the man, especially those qualities, which she knows are pleasing to the girl. moreover speak with dis-paragement of the other lovers of the girl, and talk about the avarice and indiscretion of 148 their parents and fickleness of their relations. She 146. atah pariksya kartavyam visesat samgatam rahah | ajnatahrdayesvevam vairibhavati sauhrdam | abhi . 5.24. 147. tasyasca ruccannayakagunanbhuyisthamupavarnayet | ka T. pu . 35.3. 148. anyesam varayitrnam dosanabhiprayaviruddhanpratipadaye Atorfqatsu yurafasini gsuni a aymat a bandhavanam | ka . sa. 3.5.4.

281 should also quote the examples of many girls of ancient times, such as Sakuntala and others, who having united themselves with lovers of their own choice, were ever happy 149 afterwards in their society. The conversation between Kamandaki and Lavargika held before Malati, is the best example of the above instruction. Kamandaki, having known that the marriage of Malati is fixed with Nandana, a relative of the king, expresses her unhappiness and regrets for Malati, because such a beautiful damsel should not be given to an ugly 150 Further Kamandaki disparages the greediness of the parents of Malati, who have given more importance to 151 politics than to the happiness of their daughter. With these words Kamandaki creates hatred in the heart of man. 149. yascanya api samana jatiyah kanyah sakuntalayah svabudhyata bhartaram prapya samprayukta modante sma tavacasya nidarsayet | ka . tu . 3. 5.5. 150. idamiha madanasya jaitramastram sahajavila sanibandhanam sariram | anucitavara samprayogasocyam viphalagunatisayam bhavisyatiti || malati . 2.6. 151. gunapeksa sunyam kathamidamupakrantamathava kuto'patyasnehah kutilanayanisnatamanasam | idam svedamparya yaduta nrpanernarmasacivah sutadananmitram bhavatu sa bhavan nandana iti || malati . 2.7.

Malati for Nandana, who is ugly, and for her parents who Having seen the facial expressions of Malati, Lavangika, on behalf of her friend requests Kamandaki to are greedy. protect her friend from this danger. She asks, "What should be done to solve this problem? Please help her; 152 she is also just like your daughter. Kamandaki 282 * answers according to the words of Kamasutra. She statesOf "Generally the parents have right on their daughters. course Sakuntala, the daughter of Kusika, married Dusyanta; Apsara loved Pururavas; Vasavadatta, having left her parents, went with Udayana. Such stories are heard. The girl should exhibit her dearing, what should I advise?" 153 Here every line of Kamandaki is depending upon the Kamasutra. A Vatsyayana further narrates some types of marriage in the light of dharmasastra. Manu allows eight forms of 154 Among those forms Vatsyayana gives importance marriage. 152. tat prasida bhagavati, paritrayasvaitasmajjivanmaranada priyasakhim | esa tavapi duhitaiva 1 malati, pr . 133. 153. prabhavati prayah kumarinam janayita daivam ca | yat kila kausiki sakuntala dusyantam, apsarah pururavasam cakame ityakhyanavidah acaksate, vasavadatta ca rajne samjayaya pitra prattamatmanamudayanatha prayacchadityadi .....| malati . pr . 135. 154. brahmo daivastathaivarsah prajapatyastathasurah | gandharvoraksatascaiva paisacascastamo'dhamah || manu . 3.21.

} 283 to the Gandharva type of marriage. 155 Further he lauds it because it brings happiness; causes less trouble in its performance than the other forms of marriage; and is We see the description based on the previous love. 156 157 of and reference to Gandharva Vivaha in literature. Yayati is advised to marry Sarmistha in that form only. King Dusyanta says that many daughters of kings and sages are reported to be married by the Gandharva form of marriage and they were congratulated by their fathers. With these words he also marries Sakuntala. 158 , Love before marriage is allowed in India. But sexsport is strictly prohibited. It should be done after the 155. gandharvena vivahena va cesteta 1 ka . sa. 3.5.17. 156. sukhatvada bahuklesadapi cavaranadiha | C 1 anuragatmakatvacca gandharvah pravaromatah || ka . su . 3.5.30. 157. etasmin grhe pravisya asyah gandharvavidhina kuru panigrahanam | yayati . pr . 46. 158. gandharvena vivahena bahavo rajarsika nyakah | sruyante parinitastah pitrbhiscabhinanditah || abhi . 3.22. i

[ marriage only. Hence K. R. Pisharoti remarks- "Marriages in India have generally been a far greater success than they have been elsewhere; and the reason is not for to seek. For, in India the romance of love begins with 'marriage, where as in the West it ends with marriage. .159 It begins in the East where it ends in the West." 284