Hastalaksanadipika a critical edition and study
by E. K. Sudha | 2001 | 44,509 words
This is an English study on the Hastalaksanadipika—a manual depicting the Mudras (gestures) of the Kerala theatre. It is a very popular text in Kerala supposedly dating to the 10th century A.D. This study also touches the subject of Krsnanattam, Kathakali and Kutiyattam—some of India's oldest theatrical traditions in Kerala....
2. Study of Kerala-theatre (b): Nangiarkuttu (Nangiar Koothu)
Nangiarkuttu is a solo theatre still presented in some prominent temples of Kerala. The Nangiars who are the women folk of the Nambiar community, stage Nangiarkuttu in a hereditary tradition. In Kutiyattom the unique Kerala style of presenting ancient dramas these Nangiars enact the female characters. The plot of Nangiarkuttu staged by Nangiars is the story of Sri Krsna. It is presented in solo dance-drama style for twelve consecutive days. The pakarnnattam technique (one performer as one charactor enacts other characters also) is followed in this style. It is generaly accepted that Kulasekhara Perumal who ruled Kerala in the 9th century A.D. brought about various changes and improvements in the style of acting in Kutiyattom. In the second act of his drama Subhadra-dhananjaya, the maid companion (ceti) of the heroine Subhadra presents the story in a nirvahana (pre-story recital) form and this is presented in Nangiarkuttu. In Nangiarkuttu the hand-gestures are given importance. The rigid norm that female characters should not show the mudras widely as male characters is followed in Nangiarkuttu also. Therefore in the study of the Hastalaksanadipika Nangiarkuttu also should be mentioned even though a separate comparison of the mudras is irrelavant. 115