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[Full title: (A) The distinctive religious features of the Devala-Smriti; (II) Guru; (1) Male and female members, worthy of respect, as 鈥楪uru鈥橾.

Generally, father, mother & preceptor, these three are understood to be the most venerable persons and are called as 'guru'. All elderly persons are also honourable, but Devala especially describes eleven elderly male persons & eight female persons to be respectable as 'guru'. (1) Preceptor, (2) father, (3) eldest brother, (4) king, (5) maternal uncle, (6) father-in-law,. (7) protector, (8) mother's father & (9) grand father, (10) eldest among the castes (the Brahmana) & (11) uncle - these are the eleven male persons, who are designated as 'guru'. While (1) mother, (2) mother's mother, (3) wife of the preceptor, (4) sister of father & (5) that of mother, (6) mother-in-law, (7) grand-mother, (8) eldest foster mother, - these eight female members are also * enumerated as 'guru' (10-11).

** 878 Later on, the author, further adds that father, mother, preceptor, elder brother & sustainer (bharta-king, master or husband) are also gurus i.e. worthy of respect. The first three among them are more venerable, while the mother is the most honourable among them. (18 to 20). Like Devala, the Mahabharata (Vana.214.27) also mentions five gurus. However, they are father, mother, fire, self & preceptor. Thus the treatment of the above topic also displays the peculiarity of Devala. A similar kind of exposition in almost identical words is also to be found in the Ausanas-smrti  [aushanasmriti]19 I.26 to 42) & the Kurma purana (12/20 to 42). But it is difficult to decide, who is the borrower. All of them might have taken from a third common source or from the floating material.