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Cidgaganacandrika (study)

by S. Mahalakshmi | 2017 | 83,507 words

Cidgaganacandrika Matrikacakra and the reflection of the universe, English comparative study extracted from the two available commentaries—the Divyacakorika and the Kramaprakashika. The Cidgagana-candrika is an important Tantric work belonging to the Krama system of Kashmir Shaivism. Written by Kalidasa (Shrivatsa) in 312 Sanskrit verses, it deals with the knowledge regarding both the Macrocosmic and Microcosmic phenomena

This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

Part 7 - ṛk and the reflection of the universe

Mātṛka Śپ

ṛk explains this whole universe as being created by Ś in union with His own nature (Śپ)[1]. The creation of universe by Him, in His own Self is as the reflection of His sweet will ( Śپ, the energy of will). Creation is the outcome of this reflection in His own nature. Unlike the reflection in an ordinary mirror wherein the mirror is the reflector and the thing that is reflected is an external object, the reflection of the universe taking place in Ś’s own nature[2], is like the reflection that takes place in a cup shaped mirror. Ś takes the form of a cup and places another cup in front of His nature. The second cup, inseparable from Him, reflects the universe.

Reflection of the thirty six tattvas

This universe is contained in, the thirty six tattvas, in descending order starting with Ś tattva in the following order: Śپ tattva, Sadāśiva tattva, Īśvara tattva, Śܻ󲹱 tattva, Māyatattva, and so forth and ends with ṛtī tattva. The reflection of the universe takes place not exactly in this descending order from Ś tattva but takes place in a reverse order from ṛtī tattva (earth), the lowest element, to the highest Śپ tattva, and not from the highest to the lowest. When one sees his face in a cup shaped mirror, his head will appear as down and the body will appear as up. Similarly this whole universe begins from Śپ tattva, but it is experienced as beginning from ṛtī tattva.

No external reflector

No outside mirror[3] is there, separate from that which is reflected in the mirror. In the ordinary course of experience the object for reflection is at one place and the mirror, which is the reflector, is at another. In the reflection of the universe, however, the reflected and the reflector are inseparable Ś and His Śپ- the energy holder and His energy of will.

Five energies of reflector in the process of manifestation

The reflector of this whole universe, Ś, is full of five energies, viz., Cit Śپ, the energy of consciousness, ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ, the energy of bliss, Śپ, the energy of will, ñԲ Śپ, the energy of knowledge, and Śپ, the energy of action. These five energies are represented by the sixteen vowels of the Sanskrit alphabet�(“a�, “ā�, “i�, “ī�, “u�, “ū�, “ṛ�, “ṝ�, “ḷ�, “ḹ�, “e�, “ai�, “o�, “au�, “am�, “aḥ�) i.e., Ś tattva.

Universe resides in the womb of Śپ

First Sanskrit alphabet, “a� represents Cit Śپ, the energy of consciousness of Ś. Second letter of the Sanskrit alphabet, “ā�, represents ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ—energy of bliss of Ś. Cit Śپ and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ, the energies of consciousness and bliss, are totally inseparable. Where there is consciousness (cit) there is bliss (ĀԲԻ岹), and where there is bliss there is consciousness. At this stage, the universe is yet to take its shape. It only resides in ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ[4], the energy of bliss.

Dual forms of Śپ

Śپ—energy of will, comes after Cit Śپ and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ, represented by the third and fourth letters of the alphabet, the letter “i�. Śپ takes two forms, unagitated and agitated. Unagitated Śپ resides peacefully in its own nature taking the form of the letter “i�. Agitated Śپ is formed as the next letter of the alphabet, the letter “ī�. In this state Ś’s will is agitated but not in such a way that it is separated from His own nature. It remains as residing in his own consciousness and bliss, Cit and ĀԲԻ岹.

Apprehension in ñԲ Śپ-Գś and ŪԲٲ

The apprehension takes place at this point is ñԲ Śپ -energy of knowledge in Ś’s consciousness, that if I go forward, if I move onwards I may loose my own nature. It is represented in the next two letters of the alphabet, the letters “u� and “ū�. The first of these two letters “u�, is called ܲԳś. Գś indicates that the universal existence is about to begin, it is just forthcoming. It has not yet begun, it is not yet created, it is about to be created. When He begins to create the universe Ś has the apprehension that His Cit Śپ and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ may be decreased if He continues to move out to create the universe which is known as ŪԲٲ (lessening). This apprehension is represented by the letter “ū�. This apprehension keeps Him at a stand still and prevents Him from moving forward.

śٲ Ś

Hence he discards and separates the universe from His own nature and resides in His own Cit Śپ (consciousness) and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپ (bliss). This state, wherein Ś has rejected the fact that the universe resides only in His own nature of consciousness and bliss, is represented by the next four vowels of the alphabet, viz.�(“ṛ�, “ṝ�, “ḷ�, “ḹ�). At this state, indicated by the four vowels, the Supreme, filled with consciousness and bliss, resides in His own nature. He does not move out. Due to this there is no possibility of the universe coming out into manifestation. The manifestation of the universe stops totally. Hence these four vowels�(“ṛ�, “ṝ�, “ḷ�, “ḹ�) are called ṛt īᲹ, meaning “residing in His own bliss (ananda [ԲԻ岹?])�. At this stage there is no thought of creating the universe. These four vowels (Ṣaṇḍ) do not create anything. The state of Ś represented by these four vowels is known as śٲ Ś, who has not accepted the existence of the universe in His own nature. He does not allow the universal existence in His own nature. In this state Ś resides always in His own nature.

Universal Manifestation

The apprehension, “If I create this universe I may loose My own nature.� is from the agitated state of his Śپ -the agitated will of Ś. Yet the first two energies of consciousness and bliss, of Ś Cit and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs, do not recognize this apprehension. They are at ease. They understand that to create this universe is only the glory of His nature, therefore, there is no question of apprehension arising in Ś. He should not be afraid about coming out. Coming out or going in is the same thing to him. Cit Śپ and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs with this understanding begin to create this universe afresh.

Four states of Śپ

Cit and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs, the energies of consciousness and bliss, denoted by the vowels “a� and “ā�, create contact with Śپ, the energy of will,  represented in the vowels “i� and “ī� create the letter “e�. Then simultaneously Cit and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs, “a� and “ā� contact “e� and give rise to the letter “ai�. When Cit and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs “a� and “ā� come in contact with ñԲ Śپ, the energy of knowledge, represented in the letters “u� and “ū�, they create the letter “o�. When simultaneously Cit and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs “a� and “ā� are in contact with the letter “o� they give rise to the letter “au�.

These four letters�(“e�, “ai�, “o�, “au�) which were created by the contact of Cit and ĀԲԻ岹 Śپs with and ñԲ Śپs, represent the four states of Śپ, the energy of action of Ś. The first state of the energy of action, represented by the letter “e�, is called ṭa (not vivid) Śپ. In this state the energy of action is not clear. In the next movement and state of Śپ, represented by the letter “ai�, the energy of action becomes ṭa, vivid. In the third state of Śپ, represented by the “o�, the energy of action becomes ṭatara, more vivid. In the fourth and final stateof Śپ, represented by the letter “au�, the energy of action becomes ṭatama, most vivid. So the energy of action has four states represented in the letters�(“e�, “ai�, “o�, “au�). In this energy of action the reflection of the whole universe takes place. Although this universe is reflected in His total energy of action, yet this reflection has taken place primarily in His fourth energy of action which is represented by the letter “au�.

Գܲ state of Ś

Even though this whole universe has been created, the nature of His Self, that is full of consciousness and bliss, has not been lessened at all. Nothing has happened. He is only residing in His own point. This state of Ś is represented by the letter “म्� (Գܲ). The letter “म्� or a dot °, shows that the existence of Ś has not moved from His own nature even though this whole universe is created in His Self.

Ś bindu and Śپ bindu

The reflection of the universe, being in the form of a cup shaped mirror, is represented by the sixteenth letter of the Sanskrit alphabet, visarga, the letter “ḥ—अः�. In Devanagari script the letter “ha� takes the form of the two points of the colon �(:)�. And these two points of the visarga (:), represent the two cups in which the reflection of the universe takes place. These two points are known as Ś bindu and Śپ bindu.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

[侱岵ԲԻ] Verse 35.

[2]:

[侱岵ԲԻ] Verse 190.

[3]:

[侱岵ԲԻ] Verse 189.

[4]:

[侱岵ԲԻ] Verse 51.

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