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methods of purification, two methods suggested in the
B膩lacarita are (1) by a plunge bath and (2) by the
application of dust from the earth. A plunge bath was
the usual method while the cowherds preferred the latter
method. Prof. Pisharoti suggests that the dust of
cowdung or dust from the footprints of a cow was
particularly desirable.'
SUICIDE.
Kautilya's Artha艣膩stra is bitter against those
committing suicide. It enjoins that none was to perform
cremation rites or funeral obsequies to those ending their
lives voluntarily. In some cases, however, entering fire
or water with the aim of ending one's life was not
condemned if the act was committed by one tired with life
or suffering from some incurable disease or with some
higher aim in view. The ancient Indian used to end his
life by some such means when the world had no charm for
him, or his life was spoiled by sin and sorrow. King
Udayana Vatsar膩ja, being grieved at the death of his
father-in-law, is said to have departed from this world
along with his queens by ascending the top of a hill and
falling from the precipice." Kum膩rila also ended his life
by entering the funeral pyre. Our poet evidently had
Udayana's method in view and he indicated that with
approval when out of the several modes of killing oneself
he prefers that by throwing oneself down from the
precipice to that by entering fire.' Ending one's life by
drowning is condemned as being ignoble. It may be
recalled that in the sacrifice called Sarvasv膩ra the person
desirous of obtaining heaven entered fire after
膩rbhavastotra, and the Rtviks completed the y膩 ga
thereafter. King S奴draka is said to have similarly ended
his life. Japanese admirals and others greatly devoted to
the king commit harakiri (suicide) in grief after his death.
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
From the social conditions existing in the period of
Bh膩sa described herein before, it will be found that on the
whole a high tone of morality prevailed in those days and
the people lived almost a simple, straightforward life.
1 QJMS, XXV, p. 232n 10. 2 Arthas盲stra, IV, 7, p. 219. 3 Pradhan,
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