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feature, not found in the Vedic literature.
Firstly, the lavish use of metals, particularly
gold was unknown in an earlier period, where gold was
mostly used for personal ornamentation.
Secondly, the presence of the entire repertoire
of the Mbh gems in the adornment of a chariot is certainly
a late feature. As noted earlier, all these jewels, with
the exception of pearls, are post-Vedic in their literary
contexts. They all came into the literary picture as
trade and commerce picked up all over the sub-continent,
but particularly with Cylone, which exported quite a few.
gems, including some of the best pearls. None of these,
therefore, can be dated to any period of time before the
3rd century B.C. The closest similarity of the Mbh
therefore as far as the rich ornamentation of a chariot
goes is with some of the texts of that same period e.g.
the Astadhyayi of Panini and the Jataka stories. Two
other points of similarity cement the bond between the
Mbh and the Jatakas, the network of kinki峁噄 bells and
the tiger-skin upholstery. The kinkinis
The kinki峁噄s
as a favorite
decor for chariots, horse-trappings, flag-staffs and
weapons, appear alongside the Mbh in Buddhist literature.
Similarly the 'vaiyaghra' chariots, whose seats were
upholstered with tiger-skin, were as much popular in the
Jatakas as in the Epic. The earliest reference to a
vaiyaghra chariot occurs in the Atharvaveda (Agrawala