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In earlier chapters we have examined similarities between the characteristics of Indian and Chinese alchemy, as seen in their objectives, ingredients and methods. We have discussed the close Sino-Indian contacts during the medieval period and also parallel development of alchemy, thereby suggesting the transmission of alchemical and chemical ideas between them. In the absence of direct references of the kind described in the previous chapter, it is difficult to establish conclusively the nature of scientific knowledge transmitted, its direction and period. Nevertheless, a close study of old texts, old translations and historical records help in such investigations. Also etymological and linguistic studies of the names of certain chemicals, products and processes lead to many important revelations regarding the exchange of ideas. It also contributes in our comprehension of the extent of scientific knowledge of those times. There are similarities in the names of the substances commonly used in alchemy, in Indian and Chinese 131

languages, which indicate their possible introduction and assimilation from one culture area to the other. The alchemical ideas revolved around a few chief ingredients and their interaction. They were mercury, lead, gold, copper, zinc, orpiment, realgar, mica, ammonium chloride, etc. It is interesting to note that the names of a number of them in one language were introduced to the other, during the long intercourse.