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Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana

by Pratim Bhattacharya | 2016 | 65,462 words

This page relates ‘Alamkara-shastra according to Udbhata (8th century)� of the study on Alamkaras (‘figure of speech�) mentioned by Vamana in his Kavyalankara-sutra Vritti, a treatise dealing with the ancient Indian science of Rhetoric and Poetic elements. Vamana flourished in the 8th century and defined thirty-one varieties of Alamkara (lit. “anything which beautifies a Kavya or poetic composition�)

4: Alaṃkāra-śāstra according to ṭa (8th century)

ṭa (c. 8th century -9th century A.D.), in his 屹ṃkṃg, follows closely in defining and illustrating poetic figures. He has also elaborated some of the poetic figures defined by 峾. His originality can be seen in the slight alterations he makes in the definitions of 峾. He has sometimes rejected some ṃk that are treated by 峾 (like yamaka, ܱ貹ū貹첹 etc.) and on the other hand he adds some ṃk of his own (like ܲԲܰٲ, 屹ⲹṛṣṭānٲ etc.) which were invariably accepted by later rhetoricians. Alike 峾, ṭa also hardly distinguishes ṇa and ṃk. ṭa considered that ṇas and ṃk were essentially of the same nature, both being the inherent beautifiers of poetry. But they belong to different elements of poetry. The ṇas belong to both word and sense together, while the ṃk belong to either word or sense separately. Pratīhārendurāja, a commentator on ṭa, points out that ṇas are the primary beautifiers of poetry.

The ṃk generate further beauty to poetry which is already beautified by the ṇas

ṇāḥ khalu 屹ⲹśDzٲ 󲹰� / te ca mādhuryauja� prasādalakṣaṇāḥ/ yeṣāṃ tu guṇopajanitaśobhe kāvye śobhātiśayahetutva� te'laṃkārā�/
  —屹ṃkṃg (of Udbhaṭ�) varga-I, Pratīhārendurāja’s commentary, p-17.

The suggested sense is altogether included in the ṃk. This is because the suggested sense or �ⲹṅg� sense is only a beautifier of the expressed sense or the �峦ⲹ� sense. The ṃk like ܱ貹, ܳٱṣ� etc exist even when they are known by suggested sense as well as when they are expressed.

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