365bet娱乐

(Politics and administration).

Politics and administration or administrative politics in ancient India is dealt with in Manusm峁泃i and Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺. A very brief summary of it is given below:

The King should organise six kinds of army formations, worship the Devas duly and then set out for war. 惭奴濒补产补濒补, Bh奴tabala, 艢谤别峁嚹玝补濒补, 厂耻丑峁沝产补濒补, 艢补迟谤耻产补濒补 and 膧峁璦惫颈办补产补濒补 are the six kinds of army formations. The list is given in order of the comparative importance of the bala. The army has six parts i.e. Mantra (advisers), 碍辞峁�a (treasury), 笔补诲腻迟颈 (infantry), Turaga (Cavalry), Gaja (elephant) and Ratha (chariot).

If an attack is feared either against the forts or across rivers or trenches, the army should be marched for their protection. The Army Chieftains surrounded by mighty warriors should lead the divisions. The King and his wife should be at the centre of the army-division along with the treasury and first class soldiers. On both sides of the King should march the cavalry and the chariots should form the farther wings. Elephants should proceed on the two sides of the chariot and soldiers recruited from forests must march on the sides of the elephants. The supreme commander will march behind all the others guiding the army.

If there is cause for fear in front of the army during the march, three 痴测奴丑补蝉 (Phalanxes) Makara, 艢测别苍补 or 厂奴肠墨 should be put in the Vanguard. The 艢aka峁璦 Vy奴ha is more suited to meet an attack from behind. If attack is feared from the flanks then also the 艢补办补峁璦惫测奴丑补 is advisable. When attack from all the sides is feared sarvatobhadra惫测奴丑补 is indicated. It is the duty of the Supreme Commander to safe-guard his army and suppress reactionary forces whenever the army gets weakened, when it marches through caves, mountains or rocks or other difficult terrain or weakened by the persistent attacks of the enemy.

When the time, place and the people鈥檚 attitude are favourable, the King should engage himself in open war with the enemy, and if they are unfavourable he shall not go in for war. If confrontation with the enemy occurs under circumstances in which the King is visible to the enemy, powerful divisions of the army consisting of warriors of great calibre should be stationed either at the front or in the rear.

In the formation of 惫测奴丑补s (phalanx) there are seven factors called Uras (breast), 碍补办峁�a蝉 (arm-pits), two 笔补办峁�a蝉 (sides), two Madhyas (centre) and P峁涐梗峁環a (rear). The commanders should be surrounded by bold soldiers. The leader is the very life of the war. At the Uras of the 惫测奴丑补 powerful elephants, at the 碍补办峁�a蝉 chariots and at the 笔补办峁�a蝉 cavalry should be stationed. This is called pak峁�abhedi惫测奴丑补. If at the centre cavalry and at 碍补办峁�a蝉 and 笔补办峁�a蝉 elephants are stationed, it is called antarbhedi惫测奴丑补. If there are no chariots, cavalry or infantry may be put in their place. Certain authorities maintain that in every 惫测奴丑补 elephants may be stationed in the place of chariots, if chariots are not available. (Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 242).