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Yoga-sutras (Ancient and Modern Interpretations)

by Makarand Gopal Newalkar | 2017 | 82,851 words | ISBN-13: 9780893890926

Hinduism Hindu Philosophy Yoga

Summary: The English translation of the Yoga-sutras by Patanjali (Patanjala): a comprehensive collection of aphorisms dealing with Yoga—the applied practice and of concentration or meditating the mind on the Atma, finally leading to realization of self. This ancient Indian practice is considered to be over 5000 years old and these sutras of Patanjali are believed to have been composed around 150 B.C.

This study interprets the Yogasutras comparing ancient and modern commentaries (such as those by Vyasa and Osho) supporting both the Sankhya and Vedanta philosophies respectively. This study is not meant to be a commentary.

Other titles: YogasÅ«tras (योगसूतà¥à¤°à¤¸à¥), PÄtañjala (पातञà¥à¤œà¤�), Patañjali (पतञà¥à¤œà¤²à¤�).

Source 1:
Source 2:

Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Yoga-sutras (Ancient and Modern Interpretations) in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Acknowledgement
Preamble
+ Introduction
. Part 1 - Introduction to Darśana: (Indian) philosophy
. Part 2 - The Popular Indian Philosophical Schools (Ä€stika and NÄstika)
. Part 3a - Ä€stika DarÅ›ana (1): NyÄya School
. Part 3b - Āstika Darśana (2): Vaiśeṣika School
. Part 3c - Ä€stika DarÅ›ana (3): SÄá¹…khya DarÅ›ana
. Part 3d - Āstika Darśana (4): Yoga Darśana of Patañjali
. Part 3e - Ä€stika DarÅ›ana (5): MÄ«mÄṃsÄ DarÅ›ana
. Part 3f - Ä€stika DarÅ›ana (6): VedÄnta darÅ›ana
. Concept of moká¹£a according to Advaita-VedÄnta DarÅ›ana
. Concept of Moká¹£a according to Dvaita VedÄnta
. Concept of Moká¹£a according to ViÅ›iṣṭÄdvaita DarÅ›ana
. Concept of moká¹£a according to DvaitÄdvaita DarÅ›ana
. Concept of moká¹£a according to ÅšuddhÄdvaita DarÅ›ana
. Part 4a - NÄstika DarÅ›ana (1): Concept Of NirvÄṇa According To Buddhism
. Part 4b - NÄstika DarÅ›ana (2): Concept of NirvÄṇa according to Jaina DarÅ›ana
. Part 4c - NÄstika DarÅ›ana (3): Concept of Moksa according to CÄrvÄka DarÅ›ana
+ Book I - SamÄdhi-pÄda
. SÅ«tra 1.1 [Definition of Yoga]
. SÅ«tra 1.2
. SÅ«tra 1.3
. SÅ«tra 1.4 [Cittavá¹›ttis]
. SÅ«tra 1.5-6
. SÅ«tra 1.7
. SÅ«tra 1.8
. SÅ«tra 1.9
. SÅ«tra 1.10
. SÅ«tra 1.11
. SÅ«tra 1.12-16 [AbhyÄsa and VairÄgya—The way towards silence]
. SÅ«tra 1.17 [SamprajñÄta and AsamprajñÄta]
. SÅ«tra 1.18
. SÅ«tra 1.19
. SÅ«tra 1.20
. SÅ«tra 1.21
. SÅ«tra 1.22
. Sūtra 1.23-26 [Concept of Īśvara]
. SÅ«tra 1.27-29 [Praṇava and Praṇava-SÄdhana]
. Sūtra 1.30-32 [Cittavikṣepa—Obstacles on the path of Yoga]
. SÅ«tra 1.33-40 [CittaprasÄdana—Calming and purifying the mind]
. SÅ«tra 1.41-46 [SamÄpatti and SabÄ«ja-SamÄdhi]
. SÅ«tra 1.47-51 [NirbÄ«ja-SamÄdhi]
+ Book II - SÄdhana-pÄda
. SÅ«tra 2.1-2 [KriyÄyoga]
. Sūtra 2.3 [Kleśas]
. SÅ«tra 2.4 [AvidyÄ—ignorance]
. SÅ«tra 2.5
. SÅ«tra 2.6 [AsmitÄ—egoism]
. SÅ«tra 2.7-8 [RÄga—attachment and DveÅ›a—aversion]
. Sūtra 2.9 [Abhiniveśa—fear of death]
. SÅ«tra 2.10-11
. SÅ«tra 2.12 [KarmasiddhÄnta]
. SÅ«tra 2.13-14
. SÅ«tra 2.15
. SÅ«tra 2.16-17
. Sūtra 2.18-19 [Prakṛti and Guṇa]
. SÅ«tra 2.20 [Puruá¹£a]
. SÅ«tra 2.21
. SÅ«tra 2.22
. SÅ«tra 2.23
. SÅ«tra 2.24
. SÅ«tra 2.25-26
. SÅ«tra 2.27
. SÅ«tra 2.28 [AṣṭÄá¹…gayoga]
. SÅ«tra 2.29
. Sūtra 2.30-31 [Yama and Niyama—Development of personality]
. SÅ«tra 2.32
. SÅ«tra 2.33-34
. SÅ«tra 2.35
. SÅ«tra 2.36
. SÅ«tra 2.37
. SÅ«tra 2.38
. SÅ«tra 2.39
. SÅ«tra 2.40
. SÅ«tra 2.41
. SÅ«tra 2.42
. SÅ«tra 2.43
. SÅ«tra 2.44
. SÅ«tra 2.45
. Sūtra 2.46 [Āsana—posture]
. SÅ«tra 2.47
. SÅ«tra 2.48
. PrÄṇÄyÄma (the concept of PrÄṇa)
. SÅ«tra 2.49 [The definition of prÄṇÄyÄma]
. SÅ«tra 2.50-51 [The techniques of prÄṇÄyÄma]
. SÅ«tra 2.52-53 [The effects of prÄṇÄyÄma]
. SÅ«tra 2.54 [PratyÄhÄra—withholding of senses]
. SÅ«tra 2.55
+ Book III - VibhÅ«ti-pÄda
. VibhÅ«ti-pÄda and VibhÅ«ti-yoga (Introduction)
. SÅ«tra 3.1 [DhÄraṇÄ—concentration]
. SÅ«tra 3.2
. SÅ«tra 3.3
. Sūtra 3.4 [Saṃyama—direct realization]
. SÅ«tra 3.5
. SÅ«tra 3.6
. SÅ«tra 3.7
. SÅ«tra 3.8
. SÅ«tra 3.9 [PariṇÄma—transformation]
. SÅ«tra 3.10
. SÅ«tra 3.11
. SÅ«tra 3.12
. SÅ«tra 3.13
. SÅ«tra 3.14
. Siddhis—Supernormal powers
. SÅ«tra 3.15
. SÅ«tra 3.16-18
. SÅ«tra 3.19
. SÅ«tra 3.20
. SÅ«tra 3.21
. SÅ«tra 3.22
. SÅ«tra 3.23-24
. SÅ«tra 3.25
. SÅ«tra 3.26-28
. SÅ«tra 3.29
. SÅ«tra 3.30-31
. SÅ«tra 3.32
. SÅ«tra 3.33-34
. SÅ«tra 3.35-36
. SÅ«tra 3.37
. SÅ«tra 3.38
. SÅ«tra 3.39
. SÅ«tra 3.40
. SÅ«tra 3.41
. SÅ«tra 3.42
. SÅ«tra 3.43
. SÅ«tra 3.44
. SÅ«tra 3.45
. SÅ«tra 3.46
. SÅ«tra 3.47
. SÅ«tra 3.48
. SÅ«tra 3.49
. SÅ«tra 3.50-51
. SÅ«tra 3.52
. SÅ«tra 3.53
. SÅ«tra 3.54
. SÅ«tra 3.55
+ Book IV - Kaivalya-pÄda
. Kaivalya-pÄda (Introduction)
. SÅ«tra 4.1
. SÅ«tra 4.2 [Evolution]
. SÅ«tra 4.3
. SÅ«tra 4.4 [NirmÄṇacitta—Artificial Minds]
. SÅ«tra 4.5
. SÅ«tra 4.6
. KarmasiddhÄnta [sÅ«tras 4.7-12]
. SÅ«tra 4.7
. SÅ«tra 4.8
. SÅ«tra 4.9
. SÅ«tra 4.10
. SÅ«tra 4.11
. SÅ«tra 4.12
. SÅ«tra 4.13 [Cognition]
. SÅ«tra 4.14
. SÅ«tra 4.15
. SÅ«tra 4.16
. SÅ«tra 4.17
. SÅ«tra 4.18
. SÅ«tra 4.19
. SÅ«tra 4.20
. SÅ«tra 4.21
. SÅ«tra 4.22
. SÅ«tra 4.23
. SÅ«tra 4.24
. Sūtra 4.25 [Viśeṣadarśin]
. SÅ«tra 4.26
. SÅ«tra 4.27
. SÅ«tra 4.28
. SÅ«tra 4.29 [ Dharmamegha-samÄdhi]
. SÅ«tra 4.30
. SÅ«tra 4.31
. SÅ«tra 4.32
. SÅ«tra 4.33 [Concept of time]
. SÅ«tra 4.34 [ Kaivalya]
+ Relevant research
. Research done in the Field of Yoga (Introduction)
. Part 1 - Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation
. Part 2 - Research on YoganidrÄ Technique of SvÄmÄ« SatyÄnanda
. Part 3 - Research carried out on Brain Mapping of SvÄmÄ«-Veda BhÄratÄ« and others
. Part 4 - Scientific Research work carried out by Kaivalyadham
. Part 5 - Research carried out on Osho’s Dynamic Meditation
. Part 6 - Research on prayer
. Part 7 - Ancient Scriptural evidences of Siddhis attained by Yogīs
+ Conclusion
. Part 1 - Misery and its eradication—Basis of various philosophies
. Part 2 - Universal applicability of PÄtañjala-YogasÅ«tras
. Part 3 - Gist of four PÄdas of PÄtañjala YogadarÅ›ana
. Part 4 - Etic and Emic Approach
. Part 5 - Relevance of PÄtañjala YogadarÅ›ana in modern times
. Part 6 - Medicine should be disease specific
. Part 7 - Comparative analysis of commentaries on PÄtañjala YogasÅ«tra
. Part 8 - Scope for Further Research
. Part 9 - Yogasūtras [Conclusion]

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