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Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words

The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...

This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.345:

अन्यत्� श्रूयमाणैश्च लिङ्गैर्वाक्येषु सूचिता� �
स्वार्था एव प्रतीयन्त� रूपाभेदादलक्षिता� � ३४� �

anyatra śrūyamāṇaiśca liṅgairvākyeṣu sūcitā� |
svārthā eva pratīyante rūpābhedādalakṣitā� || 345 ||

345. Even when the meaning of a sentence is made clear by means of indications, found in other sentences, that meaning is its own. It was not clearly noticed on account of identity of forms.

Commentary

[The śܳپ says: śarkarā upadadhāti = he places sugar mixed with grease.

It is not clear from this sentence whether the sugar is to be mixed with oil or clarified butter. But another śܳپ says: tejo vai ghṛtam = ‘clarified butter is indeed lustre�. That is a clue, an indication that the sugar is to be mixed with clarified butter. The first śܳپ thus means: ‘he places sugar mixed with clarified butter� and this meaning belongs entirely to the first śܳپ in spite of the fact that the clue is found in the second one.]

Something is now being said about the relation of and 󲹰첹 (what is set aside and what sets aside) between the original rules and their exceptions.

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