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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶呧�椸�嵿え啶苦す啷嬥い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶� 啶溹�佮す啷佮く啶距う啶距う啷嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啶︵�嵿く啷佮え啶苦ざ啷嬥�� 啶膏う啶� 啷�
啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啷囙え 啶氞ぞ啶班�嵿ぇ啶�啶距じ啶距え啷嵿い啷� 啶�啷屶ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶�啶距じ啷囙え 啶氞�堗�� 啶灌た 啷� 啷ㄠカ 啷�

agnihotra峁� ca juhuy膩d膩dyante dyuni艣o岣� sad膩 |
诲补谤艣别苍补 c膩rdham膩s膩nte paur峁嘺m膩sena caiva hi || 25 ||

He shall always offer the Agnihotra, either at the beginning, or, at the end, of day and night, as also the 鈥湺俨拱�艣补鈥� and the 鈥湵什钩馨�峁嘺尘腻蝉补鈥� at the end of each half-month.鈥�(25).

 

Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补):

The terms 鈥�agnihotra鈥� and the rest are found used in the Veda and in the G峁沨yas奴tra texts, in the sense of particular rites; and these rites, along with their procedure, are prescribed in these texts. And it is to these rites that the present verse makes a reference; it does not contain the original injunction of the rites; specially, as it speaks of their form only; i.e, all that the present verse mentions is the necessity of performing the act of offering only,鈥攁nd it does not mention either the material to be offered, or the deity to whom it is to be offered. And yet the names 鈥�Agnihotra鈥� and the rest, stand in need of the mention of detailed particulars; hence it follows that what is implied is that the detailed particulars of these rites are to be learnt from other treatises.

鈥淚f that be so, then, since the necessity of performing the rites also could be learnt from those same treatises, there is no use for the present text at all.鈥�

The use of the present text lies in adjusting the necessity of performing these acts, in the case of persons who have renounced Vedic rituals, with the form of worship laid down in the present context; the sense being that just as, according to what has been said regarding some people offering 鈥榯he life-breath into speech,鈥� and so forth, the Five Great Sacrifices are performed by such men, by means of Knowledge alone,鈥攕o are the sacrificial rites mentioned in the present verse also. Then again, what sort of objection is this that you urge, when you ask鈥斺�榃hy should there he a repeated mention?鈥� As a matter of fact, in the case of the Vedic and Sm峁泃i texts, it is found that what is said in one part of it is said again in another part; and all this would be open to objection (according to you). Lastly, we have already provided the general answer to such objections;鈥�viz., that since the persons meant to be enlightened are many, the texts cannot be regarded as needless repetitions at all. Just as, by reason of the perceiv-ers being many, there are many organs of perception, and all men cannot see with one eye only, and there is need of several such organs,鈥攕o also is the case with the diverse Vedic and Sm峁泃i texts.

The question might be raised鈥斺�淲hy should the mere name of the rites be mentioned?鈥�

There is nothing objectionable in this also. Since the procedures as laid down in the several Vedic texts are divergent, which particular procedure could the verse mention? If it were to mention all, there would be prolexity; and if it were to mention any one only, this would involve the abandoning of the others.

鈥淓ven so, the omission is open to objection.鈥�

But we have already pointed out that the present verse contains only a reference, and not an Injunction. It is only an Injunction, against which the objection can be urged that鈥斺�榯he act being already enjoined elsewhere, why should it be enjoined again?鈥�

鈥�At the beginning and end of dag and night;鈥欌�攖his is not meant to be construed respectively. What is meant is鈥斺�榓t the beginning of day and beginning of night,鈥� and 鈥榓t the end of day and end of night;鈥� and by this, morning and evening are meant. For those who follow the practice of making the offerings after sunrise, the offering shall be made 鈥榓t the beginning of day;鈥� while for those who follow the practice of making the offerings before sunrise, it shall be made 鈥榓t the end of night.鈥�

The term 鈥�dyu鈥� here is synonymous with 鈥�Divasa,鈥� 鈥榙ay.鈥�

鈥�Always,鈥欌赌�i.e., throughout one鈥檚 life, one should offer these morning and evening libations.

In connection with 鈥�诲补谤艣别苍补,鈥� it is necessary to supply the root 鈥�yajeta鈥�; as the original injunction of the 顿补谤艣补-蝉补肠谤颈蹿颈肠别 does not contain the verb, 鈥�箩耻丑耻测腻迟,鈥欌赌攖he injunction being in the form 鈥�诲补谤艣别苍补 yajeta;鈥� and the prfesent verse makes only a reiterative reference to what is prescribed in that injunction; and thus (it being impossible to construe 鈥�诲补谤艣别苍补鈥� with the verb 鈥�箩耻丑耻测腻迟鈥� in the verse) it becomes necessary to supply the verb 鈥�yajeta.鈥� For this same reason, though the text does not make any specification, the phrase, 鈥�at the end of half-month鈥� should be understood to mean that the 顿补谤艣补 is to be performed at the end of the darker fortnight, and the 笔补耻谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补 (笔奴谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补) at the end of the brighter fortnight. Says the 艢谤耻迟颈鈥斺�極ne should perform the 顿补谤艣补 sacrifice on the Moonless Day and the 笔补耻谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补 on the Full Moon Day.鈥欌��(25)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

This verse is quoted in 础辫补谤腻谤办补 (p. 217), which makes the following observations:鈥擳he 鈥榚nds of night and day鈥� being laid down as the times fit for the making of the two Agnihotra offerings,鈥攖he points of time really meant are also those immediately preceding and following the said 鈥榚nds鈥�; it is on this understanding that the evening-offering is commenced in the afternoon and finished after the evening; and for those who adopt the alternative of making the offering 鈥榓fter sunrise,鈥� it is done after the sun has actually risen, (which would naturally be after the end of the night). Similarly as the exact point of time denoted by the term 鈥�顿补谤艣补鈥� would be too minute for any act, it stands for such length of time as may be necessary for the entire offering. Then follows a long disquisition regarding 鈥�笔补耻谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补鈥� and 鈥�础尘腻惫补蝉测腻鈥�

 

Comparative notes by various authors

驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 (1.124).鈥斺�楾hat Br膩hma峁嘺 who may have grains enough for three years shall drink Soma; and he who has enough for the year shall perform the rites previous to the Soma.鈥�

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (59. 2-4).鈥斺�楾he Agnihotra in the morning and in the evening;鈥攐blations should be poured to the gods;鈥攐ne shall offer sacrifices on the moonless and full-moon days, by reason of the proximity and remoteness of the moon and the sun.鈥�