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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶о�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶�啶距ぃ啷� 啶む�� 啶�啶苦い啶班�� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙し啶距ぎ啷囙�� 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿さ啶�啷囙い啷� 啷�
啶掂た啶�啷嵿ぐ啶掂う啷� 啶掂ぞ啶洁お啶� 啶む�� 啶多�嵿ぐ啶距う啷嵿ぇ啷� 啶膏�嵿さ啶曕�� 啶�啶苦い啶班ぎ啶距ざ啶�啷囙い啷� 啷� 啷ㄠエ啷� 啷�

dhriyam膩峁噀 tu pitari 辫奴谤惫别峁Ｄ乵eva nirvapet |
vipravad v膩'pi ta峁� 艣r膩ddhe svaka峁� pitaram膩艣ayet || 220 ||

While his father holds, one should make the offering to the previous ancestors; or, he may feed his own father at the 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 as a Br膩hmana.鈥�(220).

 

Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补):

It has been said that 鈥榦ne shall offer balls to the 笔颈迟峁泂.鈥� Now the question arises鈥擶ho are these 鈥�笔颈迟峁泂?鈥� The term 鈥�辫颈迟峁�鈥� has several meanings, and denotes 鈥榩rogenitor鈥�; (A) it is used in the sense of the relative term, 鈥榝ather鈥�; (B) it is also used in the sense of one鈥檚 father and other relations that have died before. It is in this latter sense that we have the term used in the plural in all such Nigada-mantras as 鈥�namo va岣� pitara岣�, &c.鈥�. It is for the same reason, again, that at the 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 offered to females, these mantras do not undergo transmutation into the form 鈥�namo vo m膩tara岣�, &c.;鈥� on the same grounds, again, at the the 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 offered to a single person, it is only the number that is changed, not the basic noun (辫颈迟峁�). Says the author of the Sutra also鈥斺�楳antras should be transformed only in regard to the singular number;鈥� the transformed words being鈥斺��namaste pita岣�.鈥� Similarly, he who performs the unitary 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 of his brother or grandfather, uses the mantra in the form 鈥�namaste bhr膩ta岣�,鈥� 鈥�namaste pit膩maha,鈥� 鈥�namaste 辫颈迟峁泇ya,鈥� and so forth. The offering of 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 to one鈥檚 childless uncle has been enjoined as necessary, in such passages as鈥斺�榳hat one receives from another that he shall give unto him.鈥� (C) Further, the term 鈥�辫颈迟峁�鈥� also denotes a particular Deity; and in this sense, it would stand for an unchanging eternal being. In fact, the author of the Nirukta, in the Daivata Section of the work, gives the name 鈥�笔颈迟峁�,鈥� to the divine Beings occupying the Middle Regions, describing them as 鈥�笔颈迟峁泂, the Maruts bearing the rosary of beads.鈥�

The term 鈥�辫颈迟峁�,鈥� thus having several meanings, the Text proceeds to specify what is meant by it in the present context.

鈥�While his father holds,鈥欌赌攊s alive鈥斺��one should make the offering to the previous ancestors,鈥欌赌斺赌�i.e., to the three, the grandfather, the great-grandfather and the father of the latter; that these three are meant is indicated by the plural number. Says the 骋峁沨测补蝉奴迟谤补鈥斺�楾he son should offer to those to whom the father offers, if both father and son are persons who have set up the fire.鈥�

鈥淏ut they say that the ball does not reach the fourth ancestor.鈥�

True; but, in the case in question, no fourth ball is offered.

The text provides another alternative course to be adopted鈥斺��As a Br膩hma峁嘺, etc.鈥� That is, Br膩hma峁嘺s, Religious Students and Ascetics are invited and honoured and worship-pod and fed; and exactly in the same manner should the father be honoured and fed by one whose father is still alive 鈥�at the 艢谤腻诲诲丑补,鈥欌赌�i.e., the food cooked for the 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 offerings.

In this case, the fact of the man being his father, is the sole ground for his being fed; hence it is not necessary to look into his caste and qualifications. To this end they declare thus:鈥斺�楾he 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 is for the purpose of giving pleasure to one鈥檚 ancestors鈥�;鈥攈ence the bringing about of the pleasure of the dead father being necessary, what harm would there be in feeding the living father, in view of which he could not be fed?

鈥�Own鈥欌�擨s merely reiterative; what is denoted by this being already connoted by the relative term, 鈥榝ather,鈥� itself.

What is laid down here is the actual feeding of the Father; but the Balls are placed for the 笔颈迟峁泂 on 碍耻艣补 blades; as otherwise, there would be an incompatibility with the formula 鈥榯his ball is for you.鈥� If the Kusba-blades be regarded as substitutes for the Dish, then, in the event of the living Father鈥檚 possession being brought about (by the act of offering), it would not be right to make him eat 鈥榓 very small portion;鈥� because, for the living person, the eating is to be in accordance with the eater鈥檚 desire. Further, in this case, there would be no need of pouring water and other things over the ball offered; as such a process would lead to the undesirable contingency of a 鈥榟ybrid performance;鈥� any effect produced by the pouring of water, in this case, would serve no useful purpose, cither for the man himself or for his father; so that it could only serve an imperceptible transcendental purpose; on the other hand, if water were not poured over the ball, it might be fit for being eaten either by the father, or by the offerer himself, or by some one else. It is in this way that the act may turn out to be of a 鈥榟ybrid鈥� character.

For these reasons, it follows that, in this alternative, the ball is to be offered to only two persons, the grandfather and the great-grandfather.

The authors of the 骋峁沨测补蝉奴迟谤补s, however, declare that鈥斺�榝or one whose father is alive there is neiher Pi峁囜笉a辫颈迟峁泍aj帽a, nor 艢谤腻诲诲丑补;鈥攖here is either non-performance of these rites, or their performance only up to the stage of pouring libations into fire.鈥欌��(220)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

This verse is quoted in 惭补诲补苍补辫腻谤颈箩腻迟补 (p. 542), which explains 鈥�辫奴谤惫别峁Ｄ乵鈥� as 鈥榯he three beginning with the grandfather鈥�. Hopkins is not right when he says that 鈥渋n this case he offers of course only two Balls.鈥�

The first half is quoted in 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻 (p. 361), in support of the view that the Ball should be offered to the Father鈥檚 father, grandfather and great-grandfather.

The verse is quoted in 艢谤腻诲诲丑补kriy膩kaumud墨 (p. 553), which has the following notes;鈥斺��笔奴谤惫别峁Ｄ乵,鈥� the 蹿补迟丑别谤鈥檚 forefathers; another alternative is that the living Father should be respectfully fed and then 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 offered to the next two ancestors, i.e., the grandfather and the greatgrandfather.

 

Comparative notes by various authors

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (75.1).鈥斺�業f one performs the 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 while his father is alive, he shall offer it to those whom his father offers it.鈥�