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Three different accounts are found of the Nandike艣vara, who is also known as Adhik膩ranandin. His name means 鈥淟ord of Nandi.鈥� and is an epithet of 艢iva.

 

a) The 艢颈惫补-尘补丑腻辫耻谤腻峁嘺

According to the 艢颈惫补-尘补丑腻辫耻谤腻峁嘺, he was the son of the 峁涐梗颈 S膩la峁卥膩yana; the following account is given of him by this authority: S膩la峁卥膩yana, who was long without a son, was doing penance under a 蝉腻濒补 tree in a place called S膩lagr膩ma. Appreciating his austerities, Vi峁ａ箛u appeared before him and asked him to request for any boon he desired. The 峁涐梗颈 prayed that he may be blessed with a son of great virtue. Immediately after this request was made, a person sprang from the right of Vi峁ａ箛u, who resembled 艢iva in every way. He was given the name Nandike艣vara. The 辫耻谤腻峁嘺 adds that this was the forty-ninth birth of Nandike艣vara.

 

a.2) A second account

A second account of the birth of Nandike艣vara runs as follows: in the Tret膩-yuga, a 峁涐梗颈 named Nandi was performing a severe penance on the peak called Mu帽jav膩n on the Mandara mountain. 艢iva pleased with the devotion of Nandi presented himself before the 峁涐梗颈. The latter requested 艢iva to grant him the boons that he should have unshakeable faith in and love for 艢iva, as also that he should be made the head of the 驳补峁嘺蝉. 艢iva granted him the boons with pleasure and isappeared. Indra and the other gods were overjoyed to see the bliss that befell the 峁涐梗颈 Nandi and praised him for his good fortune.

 

b) The Li峁単a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺

The Li峁単a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺 has a third account of the origin of Nandike艣vara. A blind 峁涐梗颈 named Sil膩da was practising penance with a desire to obtain an immortal son, not born of human beings. Indra becoming pleased with the austerities of this 峁涐梗颈 resolved to fulfil the 峁涐梗颈鈥檚 desire and approuched him and told him that no one but 艢iva could grant him what he wanted and directed him to address his penances to that deity. He did as advised by Indra, and 艢iva pleased with him, promised that he would himself be born to the 峁涐梗颈 as his son; thereby he intemded to satisfy Brahm膩 also who was desirous of 艢iva taking a human incarnation. After some time, Sil膩da was engaged in a sacrifice (测腻驳补); a lad proceeded from the room in which the 峁涐梗颈 Sil膩da was performing the 测腻驳补; he looked precisely like 艢iva, with a 箩补峁���-尘补办耻迟补 on his head, three eyes and four arms.

He was carrying in his hands the 艣奴濒补, the 峁璦峁卥补, the 驳补诲腻 and the vajra. Because Sil膩da became pleased with the fulfilment of his desire by the appearance of this, his son born not by human agency, 艢iva gave the lad the name Nandi and disappeared.

Then Sil膩da and his son Nandi repaired to the former鈥檚 腻艣谤补尘补. There the boy lost his superhuman form and became quite like any ordinary mortal. Though feeling sorry for the change, Sil膩da performed on his son the usual ceremony such as upanayana, when the boy attained the seventh year of age; he soon became well versed in the Vedas. Some time after two 峁涐梗颈s named Mitra and Varu峁嘺 came to the 腻艣谤补尘补 of the 峁涐梗颈 Sil膩da as his guests; these gazed intently at Nandi and perceived through their mental vision that the life of the boy was to come to an end in one year more. They informed this sad news to the father of the boy. The 峁涐梗颈 and his father S膩la峁卥膩yana sank in despair on hearing the prognostication of their guests, and swooned. But Nandike艣vara, though internally perturbed, began to meditate upon 艢iva so intently that the latter appeared to him and took hold of him in his arms and threw round his neck the flower garland which was hanging round his own neck. Forthwith the boy was changed into a being endowed with three eyes, ten arms and appearance which exactly resembled 艢iva. The latter blessed this metamorphosed Nandi to be free from old age and death and also anointed him as the head of his 驳补峁嘺蝉 and married him to Suya艣a, the daughter of the Maruts.

 

c) The N墨lamata Pur膩峁嘺

There is a similar story as the one found in the Li峁単a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺 above. To quote verse 1070-72a: 鈥淚n former times, there was a Brahmana named Silada who had no son. O king, he went to Nandi mountain and in order to get a son (he) propitiated the Great God, by eating the powder of rocks for one hundred years. Due to compassion, the God of the gods, gave to him as a son, his own Ganesa Nandi possessed of great strength.鈥�

 

d) Other sources

He is mentioned is various other sources.

搁腻尘腻测补苍补: The name Nandike艣vara, 鈥榯he tawny coloured dwarf鈥� and a follower of 艢iva occurs in the R膩m膩ya峁嘺 (V. 17, Sec. 16 of the Uttara-k膩峁囜笉a). There he is stated to be another manifestation of 艢iva (apara tanuh) and that when he was keeping guard over the Kail膩sa, R膩va峁嘺 (the lord of La峁卥膩 and of the R膩k峁�asas) came driving in his aerial car and wanted to cross the abode of 艢iva. But he was promptly stopped by Nandike艣vara. Upon this R膩va峁嘺 made contemptuous remarks concerning the monkey-face of Nandike艣vara. Incensed at the insult offered to him, he cursed R膩va峁嘺 that beings possessing the same shape as himself and of similar energy (that is, monkeys) would destroy the race of R膩va峁嘺.

Bh膩gavata-辫耻谤腻峁嘺: During the 测腻驳补 that Dak峁�a-praj膩pati was performing, he spoke tauntigly of 艢iva. Nandi grew angry at the insult offered to his lord 艢iva and pronounced maledictions against Dak峁�a and the other revilers of 艢iva.

痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺: The 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补 gives the following description of Nandike艣vara. He should have three eyes and four arms and a red complexion. His garments should be made of tiger鈥檚 skin; in one of his hands there should be the tri艣奴濒补 and in another the bhindi; a third hand should be held over his head and the fourth held as though he is commanding a host of people. His gaze should suggest that he is seeing objects at a great distance and regulating the large crowd of devotees resorting to offer worship to 艢iva.

Basava-辫耻谤腻峁嘺: The Basava-辫耻谤腻峁嘺 was written after the time of 艢r墨pati Pa峁囜笉ita. The name Nandi is mentioned: 鈥淚t is said there that at one time N膩rada reported to 艢iva that, while other religions were flourishing, the 艢aiva faith was with few exceptions dying out among the Brahmins, and so it was decaying among other castes also. Lord 艢iva then asked Nandi to get himself incarnated for taking the V墨ra-艣aiva faith in consonance with the Var峁嚹迮洶�补尘�� 谤颈迟别蝉鈥�

Garga Sa峁僪it膩: He is mentioned as one of the thousand names of Balabhadra (elder brother of K峁涐梗峁嘺) in the portion of this text called the 叠补濒补产丑补诲谤补-蝉补丑补蝉谤补苍腻尘补.

k膩la帽jaro brhat-s膩nur dar墨-bh峁沶 nandike艣varah |
sant膩nas taru-r膩ja艣 ca mand膩rah p膩rij膩takah ||

He is K膩la帽jara (k膩la帽jara) and Brhat-s膩nu (brhat-s膩nu). He stays in a mountain cave (dar墨-bh峁泃). He is Nandike艣vara (nandike艣vara), the sant膩na tree (sant膩na), the king of trees (taru-r膩ja), the mand膩ra tree (mand膩ra), and the p膩rij膩ta tree (p膩rij膩taka).

艢r墨 Garga Sa峁僪it膩, VIII.13.77