Upakara, 鲍辫补办腻谤补: 24 definitions
Introduction:
Upakara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Upkar.
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In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渉elping (the disciple)鈥�, according to the Kubjik膩mata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjik膩 cult.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淣either mother, father, brother or relatives help (耻辫补办腻谤补) one as the teacher does. Having understood this, whether he suffers when there is (cause for) suffering or is happy when there is (cause for) happiness, he should not, even unwittingly, assume a position contrary to (the one his) teacher has. Sitting next to him (the disciple) should massage him and the like. He should offer him the bowl with which he begs and flowers constantly鈥�.
Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渉elping someone鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.4.4 (鈥淪earch for K膩rttikeya and his conversation with Nandin鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as K膩rttikeya said to Nand墨艣vara: 鈥淸...] The K峁泃tik膩s are wise women of Yogic practice. They are the digits of Pra办峁泃i. They have helped (耻辫补办腻谤补) in nurturing me with their own breast milk. I am their fostered son. They are my own part and parcel. I am born of Pra办峁泃i and the semen of the lord of Pra办峁泃i. O Nandike艣vara, I am not severed from the daughter of the lord of mountains who is virtually my mother just as these ladies on the basis of virtuous rites. [...]鈥�.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
: Buddhist Information: A Survey of Paramattha DhammasUpakara is assistance.
Therav膩da is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismUpakara (啶夃お啶曕ぐ) is the name of a Pratyekabuddha mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa: one of the largest Kriy膩 Tantras devoted to Ma帽ju艣r墨 (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Ma帽ju艣r墨 and were taught to and by Buddha 艢膩kyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Upakara).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渟ervice鈥�, according to the 2nd century Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra chapter XLII.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] furthermore, great wisdom has as its nature the relinquishment (辫补谤颈迟测腻驳补), the rejection (parivarjana) of dharmas; great loving-kindness and great compassion have as their nature pity for (补苍耻办补尘辫腻) and service (耻辫补办腻谤补) to beings. This pity and service are loved by all beings; that is why they call them great loving-kindness and great compassion of the Buddha鈥�.
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections1) 鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渂enefit鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸com.鈥擭ext he speaks about the provision of the benefit (耻辫补办腻谤补k膩ritvam) of those (迟别峁Ｄ乵) being the rain-clouds, etc. (辫补谤箩补苍测腻诲测腻岣�) that are protected by the doctrine (诲丑补谤尘补谤补办峁迟腻岣�)]鈥擳he rain clouds, wind, sun, moon, earth, ocean and Indra鈥攖hose, which are protected by the doctrine, are of service to the whole world. I think, that doctrine, whose progress is unimpeded, has arisen for the benefit of the world of living souls in the guise of world-protectors鈥�.
2) 鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渂eing of service (to the whole world)鈥�, according to the J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he rain clouds, wind, sun, moon, earth, ocean and Indra鈥攖hose, which are protected by the doctrine, are of service to the whole world (vi艣va-耻辫补办腻谤补). I think, that doctrine, whose progress is unimpeded, has arisen for the benefit of the world of living souls in the guise of world-protectors鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryUpakara.鈥�(Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXIV, p. 106, note 5), cf. nikara and upaskara. Note: upakara is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary耻辫补办腻谤补 : (m.) help; support; favour.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary鲍辫补办腻谤补, (fr. upa + 办峁�, cp. upakara峁嘺) service, help, benefit, obligation, favour D. III, 187 sq.; VvA. 68; PvA. 8, 18 (掳膩ya hoti is good for); Sdhp. 283, 447, 530. 鈥�-鈥� 产补丑没辫补办腻谤补 (adj.) of great help, very serviceable or helpful S. IV, 295; PvA. 114. 耻辫补办腻谤补峁� karoti to do a favour, to oblige PvA. 42, 88, 159 (kata); kat没pak膩ra one to whom a service has been rendered PvA. 116.
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary耻辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�).鈥攎 (S) A favor; a kindness; an obligation; a benefit conferred. 2 Benefit, advantage, good. u0 峁环脓惫补峁嚹抚箖 g. of o. To keep or retain a favor, i. e. not to repay it. u0 b膩岣穉ga峁嚹撫箖-m膩na峁嚹撫箖-na visara峁嚹撫箖 To preserve a grateful remembrance of a favor. Ex. t膿la 膩峁噓ni dy膩v膿峁� ghar膩 || tumacy膩 upak膩r膩峁� na visar奴峁� || upak膩r膩n墨峁� b膩ndha峁嚹撫箖 To lay under obligations. upa- k膩r膩nn墨 m膩ra峁嚹撫箖 To kill with kindnesses.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English耻辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�).鈥�m A favour; obligation; benefit.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�).鈥�1 Service, help, assistance, favour, kindness, obligation (opp. 补辫补办腻谤补); 啶呧ざ啶曕啶 啶︵啶班さ啷嵿く啶う啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶苦啷囙え 啶︵啶班さ啷嵿く啶膏啶� 啶椸啶｀啷冟い 啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶班 啶啶班い啶苦啷嵿啶距い啷佮ぎ啷� (a艣akyo dravyapad膩rthikena dravyasya gu峁嘺办峁泃a 耻辫补办腻谤补岣� pratij帽膩tum) Mah膩bh膩rata on P.II.1.1. 啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶班ぞ啶啶距ぐ啷� 啶灌た 啶侧啷嵿し啷嵿く啶� 啶侧啷嵿し啶｀ぎ啷囙い啶啶� (upak膩r膩pak膩rau hi lak峁a峁� lak峁峁嘺metayo岣�) 艢i艣up膩lavadha 2.37; 啶多ぞ啶啶啶む啶啶班い啷嵿く啶啶距ぐ啷囙ぃ 啶ㄠ啶啶距ぐ啷囙ぃ 啶︵啶班啶溹え啶� (艣膩myetpratyapak膩re峁嘺 nopak膩re峁嘺 durjana岣�) Kum膩rasambhava 2.4,3.73; Y.3.284; Pa帽catantra (Bombay) 1.22; 啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶班 啶掂啶む (upak膩re v峁泃) to be of service or useful (to another);
2) Preparation.
3) Ornament, decoration.
4) Particularly, flowers, garlands &c. suspended at gate-ways as embellishments on festive occasions.
-r墨 1 A royal tent, palace.
2) Caravansera.
Derivable forms: 耻辫补办腻谤补岣� (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶班).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryUpakara (啶夃お啶曕ぐ).鈥�adj. (and subst. m.?; to Sanskrit upa-办峁�), bene- ficent: 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 218.1 v膩g upakar膩; 218.6, 16 upakar膩峁� (in 16 text 掳k膩r膩峁�, erroneously) v膩cam; 艢akrapra艣nas奴tra, Waldschmidt, Kl. Sanskrit Texte 4,113.2鈥�4 upakaras tva峁� t膩ta pa帽ca艣ikh膩sm膩ka(m u)pakara艣 ca yo hi n膩ma鈥�; 惭奴濒补-厂补谤惫腻蝉迟颈惫腻诲补-痴颈苍补测补 i.287.13.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�).鈥攎.
(-谤补岣�) 1. Favour, protection, help, assistance. 2. Use, advantage. 3. A flower, &c. full blown. 4. Garlands suspended, at gateways, as an embellishment on festivals. E. upa near or over, 办峁� to make, 驳丑补帽 aff. [Pag臅5-b+ 60]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�).鈥攊. e. upa-办峁� + a, m. 1. Benefitting, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 8, 265 (in order to benefit them). 2. Favour, Mah膩bh膩rata 3, 15024. 3. Assistance, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] 11, 11.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�).鈥擺masculine] service, assistance, favour.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�):鈥擺=耻辫补-办腻谤补] a etc. See upa- 鈭�1. 办峁�.
2) [=耻辫补-办腻谤补] [from upa-办峁�] b m. help, assistance, benefit, service, favour
3) [v.s. ...] use, advantage, [Mah膩bh膩rata; Y膩j帽avalkya; Hitopade艣a; Vikramorva艣墨] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] (耻辫补办腻谤别-鈭歷峁泃, to be of service to another, [R膩m膩ya峁嘺])
5) [v.s. ...] preparation, ornament, decoration, embellishment (as garlands suspended at gateways on festivals, flowers etc.), [Su艣ruta; cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�):鈥擺耻辫补-办腻谤补] (谤补岣�) 1. m. Favor, assistance; use; flower; garland.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 鲍惫补测腻谤补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (sa峁僺办峁泃am), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Upakara (啶夃お啶曕ぐ) [Also spelled upkar]:鈥�(nm) a cess.
2) 鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�) [Also spelled upkaar]:鈥�(nm) beneficence, benefaction; good; —[尘腻苍补苍腻] to feel grateful, to express gratitude.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusUpakara (嗖夃勃嗖曕舶):鈥擺noun] an auxiliary tax levied along with or on the main one; cess.
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鲍辫补办腻谤补 (嗖夃勃嗖曕簿嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] a help; service, kindness done for or received (another) from; the act of doing good or helping others, esp. by giving money for charitable purposes; benefaction.
2) [noun] he who extends help, service, kindness, etc to another (esp. in need).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Upakara (啶夃お啶曕ぐ):鈥攏. extra/additional tax;
2) 鲍辫补办腻谤补 (啶夃お啶曕ぞ啶�):鈥攏. favor; help; benevolence; welfare;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Upa, Kara, Na.
Starts with (+20): Upakara-mananem, Upakarabahula, Upakaraccampalam, Upakaradhamma, Upakaragedi, Upakaraka, Upakarakammatthanaparayana, Upakarakarana, Upakarakaritva, Upakarakiriya, Upakaramadu, Upakaramgey, Upakaramukha, Upakarana, Upakaranageyi, Upakaranavant, Upakaranavat, Upakaranavidhi, Upakarane, Upakarani.
Full-text (+72): Upakarin, Paropakara, Pratyupakara, Upakaraka, Upakarana, Kritopakara, Sopakara, Paccupakara, Upakarika, Nirupakara, Katupakara, Upakarapara, Anupakara, Upakaravaha, Mahopakara, Upakaradhamma, Upakarasabbhava, Upakarabahula, Upakaranussaranamattaka, Upakaravacana.
Relevant text
Search found 37 books and stories containing Upakara, Upa-kara, Upa-k膩ra, Upa-kara-na, Upa-kara-峁嘺, 鲍辫补办腻谤补; (plurals include: Upakaras, karas, k膩ras, nas, 峁嘺s, 鲍辫补办腻谤补s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 5.17 - The medium of motion and the medium of rest < [Chapter 5 - The Non-living Substances]
Verse 5.20 - Another function of the matter (pudgala) < [Chapter 5 - The Non-living Substances]
Verse 5.18 - The function of the space (膩k膩艣a) < [Chapter 5 - The Non-living Substances]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
Page 748 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Page 241 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Page 382 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Page 301 < [Volume 15 (1911)]
Prasthanatrayi Swaminarayan Bhashyam (Study) (by Sadhu Gyanananddas)
2.1. S膩峁僰hya Dar艣ana < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D膩sa)
Text 7.6 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]