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Significance of Makaradhvaja

Makaradhvaja is a multifaceted term with various interpretations across different traditions. In Jainism, it symbolizes obstacles depicted as a large sea-monster, while in Tibetan Buddhism, it refers to a medicinal preparation. Within Vaishnavism, Makaradhvaja is connected to Kamadeva, the love god. The Purana describes him as a protective celestial youth, whereas Rasashastra identifies Makaradhvaja as a medicinal black powder made from gold, mercury, and sulphur, known for its anti-aging and fever-curing properties. Kavyashastra portrays him as the angry Cupid affecting Radhika.

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The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Makaradhvaja'

Buddhism Books

Makaradhvaja in Buddhism is interpreted as a medicinal preparation, emphasizing the significance of its components and their perceptibility, reflecting a deeper understanding of healing and the nature of substances within Buddhist philosophy.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) A term referring to a particular medicinal preparation, mentioned in the context of discussing the perceptibility of its constituents.[1]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Makaradhvaja'

Hinduism Books

Makaradhvaja in Hinduism signifies a celestial youth known for protection, a medicinal black powder with rejuvenating properties, the disruptive Cupid encountering Radhika, and is linked to Kamadeva, the love god.

Significance in Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy):
Rasashastra Books

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory

(1) A black powder made from gold, mercury, and sulphur, with significant medicinal properties, including prevention of old age and curing fevers.[2]

Rasashastra is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) Associated with Kamadeva, the god of love.[3]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Garuda Purana

(1) A celestial youth noted for his protective qualities.[4]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Jain concept of 'Makaradhvaja'

Jainism Books

Makaradhvaja in Jainism symbolizes obstacles, represented as a formidable sea-monster. This figure highlights the challenges one faces on the spiritual journey, emphasizing the difficulties in overcoming life's hindrances to attain liberation.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A figure representing obstacles, depicted as a large sea-monster that is difficult to control.[5]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.