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Significance of Hate

Hate, as described in various texts, encompasses a range of emotions and actions. In the Purana, it drives Sugriva to kill his brother. The Dharmashastra views hate as not only an intense dislike but also as a sentiment influencing ritual actions. In Theravada, hate is recognized as a defilement linked to aversion and aggressive conflict. Historically in India, hate is seen as a crime committed by those who reject divine love, distinguishing them from devotees.1
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Synonyms: Despise, Revile, Scorn

In Finnish: Viha; In Dutch: Hat; In Swedish: Hat; In Spanish: Odiar; In German: Hassen; In Malay: Benci; In French: 顿茅迟别蝉迟别谤

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Hate'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, hate is characterized by aggressive mental conflict and strong aversion, representing a defilement that results in negative feelings towards others or situations, obstructing one鈥檚 spiritual growth and inner peace.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)

(1) Another defilement associated with aversion and strong negative feelings towards others or situations.[1]

From: Introducing Buddhist Abhidhamma

(1) Psychologically characterized by aggressive mental conflict against the object of dislike.[2]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Hate'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Hate signifies intense animosity, influencing ritual actions by the Adhvaryu, and is exemplified by Sugriva's destructive emotions against his brother, showcasing how hate can drive individuals towards harm.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Bharadvaja-srauta-sutra

(1) A sentiment that the Adhvaryu must consider, involving specific ritual actions including throwing the wooden sword.[3]

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) A feeling of intense dislike or animosity towards someone or something.[4]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Griffith)

(1) Hate is the emotion that drove Sugriva to seek to end his brother's life, as he was urged blindly on by hate.[5]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

The concept of Hate in local and regional sources

History Books

Hate, in this context, signifies individuals who oppose divine love and worship, distinguishing them from devoted believers. This rejection creates a clear dichotomy between those who embrace spirituality and those who actively resist it.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) The writer mentions this.[6] (2) The emotion that can be found in the world, and is stronger than the love engendered by religion.[7] (3) This is a cause of decline.[8]

From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints

(1) Individuals who reject divine love and worship, contrasting with devotees.[9]

From: Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England

(1) This was a type of crime.[10]

Plural form: Hates.