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Significance of Buddhi

Buddhi, in various Indian philosophical contexts, refers to intellect or discernment essential for understanding and decision-making. Within Vaishnavism, it embodies intelligence that categorizes emotions and differentiates true happiness from false. Yoga describes Buddhi as pure intelligence crucial for spiritual insight, while Ayurveda emphasizes its role in reasoning and knowledge. Vyakarana associates Buddhi with perception, and Vedanta views it as a cognitive function influencing desires and distractions. Overall, Buddhi signifies the discriminative faculty that guides ethical choices and spiritual development.1
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Synonyms: Intellect, Wisdom, Discernment, Understanding, Insight, Intelligence

In German: Buddha; In Finnish: Buddhi; In Spanish: Buddhi; In Swedish: Buddhi; In Malay: Buddhi; In Dutch: Boeddha; In French: Bouddhi

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Buddhi'

Buddhism Books

Buddhi in Buddhism signifies the pursuit of enlightenment or awakening, attained through dedicated mindfulness practices and the cultivation of Dharma, reflecting a core aim within the practitioner's spiritual journey.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Purvapranidhana Sutra

(1) The state of enlightenment or awakening that practitioners seek to achieve through mindfulness and Dharma cultivation.[1]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Buddhi'

Hinduism Books

Buddhi in Hinduism denotes the principle of intelligence tied to cognition and understanding, serving as a mediator between the individual and universal self, crucial for discernment, wisdom, and ethical considerations in the human experience.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) The qualities of the, such as pleasure, pain, desire, aversion, &c., can with any propriety be said to constitute the essence of the soul even in the samsara state, as the text describes.[2] (2) This is the mind's essence, and the qualities of this essence, such as desire and pleasure, are what the Self is said to be of the nature of, because they are the principal characteristics.[3] (3) The buddhi, which is indicated by the word 'understanding,' is a component under discussion and is a focus point regarding the capacity to act, as it is the instrument.[4] (4) This term is connected to the soul and it is considered a limiting adjunct, which, when connected to the soul, keeps the individual soul in existence.[5] (5) Buddhi, also known as intelligence, is another name for the internal organ, the limiting adjunct of the soul, and is related to the state of determination.[6]

From: Vivekachudamani

(1) The intellect or higher understanding that can be influenced by desires and distractions.[7] (2) The aspect of the mind associated with intelligence and cognition, which can misrepresent true knowledge.[8] (3) The determinative faculty of the mind, representing the intellect or consciousness.[9] (4) Buddhi refers to the intellect or discriminative wisdom, highlighting that the nature of Brahman is beyond what can be comprehended by the intellect.[10] (5) The intellect or reason that creates perceptions and thoughts, often influenced by delusion.[11]

From: Thirty minor Upanishads

(1) Intellect or understanding that unites the individual self (Pratyagatma) with the universal self (Paramatma).[12] (2) Intellect or wisdom, which is referenced as part of the divine play observed by Parameshvara.[13] (3) The intellect or understanding; it denotes the higher mind capable of discernment and decision-making.[14] (4) The intellect or discerning faculty that is part of the mental apparatus; in this context, it's something to be transcended for liberation.[15] (5) Refers to the intellect or the mental faculty that undergoes various changes, with Shri-Rama as the witness.[16]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) The intellect or discernment aspect of the mind, which is associated with the organs of knowledge as indicated in the verse.[17] (2) The principle representing certitude, part of the internal organ derived from sattva.[18] (3) The intellect or cognitive aspect where jiva-consciousness is reflected.[19] (4) A term synonymous with vijnana, referring to the faculty of intelligence or discernment in the internal organ.[20]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad

(1) The intellect or cognitive aspect where Brahman is said to be 'hidden,' acting as the medium through which knowledge is revealed.[21]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The intellect or higher mind that is not considered the agent in the process of realizing the Atman.[22]

From: Kathopanishad (Madhva commentary)

(1) The intellect or higher mind that directs the actions of the Jiva, akin to a charioteer guiding the body.[23]

From: Kaivalya Upanishad

(1) The higher intellect or discernment that facilitates understanding of the Absolute when the mind is still.[24]

From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)

(1) The intellect or higher cognitive function involved in discernment and understanding, categorized as one of the pranas.[25]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Laghu-yoga-vasistha

(1) Referred to as the highest aspect of the mind, representing intelligence and discernment in the context of spiritual development.[26] (2) The intellect or the higher aspect of the mind that aids in discrimination and understanding of the self.[27] (3) Buddhi refers to intellect or wisdom, which plays a crucial role in discernment and realization of the truth.[28] (4) The aspect of intellect or understanding that is involved in making decisions and discerning truth.[29]

From: Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra)

(1) The reason or intellect, considered to be of greater importance than the act itself in ethical considerations.[30] (2) The reason or intellect, enabling one to discern between true and false happiness.[31]

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) Intellect or discernment, regarded as the Adhyatma with knowledge as its corresponding Adhibhuta.[32]

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) Intellect; a quality associated with the divine during the act of creation.[33]

From: Harivamsha Purana

(1) The intellectual and discriminatory faculty that serves as the basis for understanding and wisdom.[34]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres)

(1) The intellect or higher mind that plays a role in discernment and wisdom within the spiritual inquiry.[35] (2) Pure Intelligence, a state of clarity or insight that is made manifest through spiritual practices.[36]

From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)

(1) Buddhi is the intellect or discerning power of the mind that engages in the act of knowledge and modification.[37] (2) Refers to the aspect of intelligence or cognition through which the reflection of the Purusha is made manifest.[38]

From: Yoga-sutras (Vedanta Commentaries)

(1) The discriminating faculty that develops from mahat, enabling individual discernment and understanding within consciousness.[39]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Significance in Vaisheshika (school of philosophy):
Vaisheshika Books

From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali

(1) A term referencing the intellect or understanding, which is crucial in the context of producing true cognitions and excluding mere impressions.[40] (2) Buddhi refers to the inner organ or faculty of the mind, which is synonymous with other terms like jnana and upalabdhi, and is described as the source of cognition and consciousness.[41] (3) A term signifying intellect or consciousness, as discussed in relation to the concepts of self and God.[42] (4) The intellect or the vital cognitive faculty that is responsible for discerning and processing experiences, including pleasure.[43] (5) The term for intelligence or discerning wisdom that has been described within the context of the perception and cognition discussed.[44]

Vaisheshika refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda)

(1) The intellect or the principle of intelligence within man.[45] (2) The faculty associated with reasoning and intellect, part of the inner instruments of knowledge.[46]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu

(1) Refers to the intelligence or understanding that allows individuals to discern and categorize emotional experiences such as bhaya and krodha.[47]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar):
Vyakarana Books

From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

(1) The intelligent faculty of the mind through which objects are perceived.[48]

Vyakarana refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Consciousness or intelligence, referred to in the context of the Mind鈥檚 role in the process of creation.[49]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺):
Pancaratra Books

From: Parama Samhita (English translation)

(1) Thought or intellect, considered one of the five qualities discussed in the Pancaratra tradition.[50]

Pancaratra represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Significance in Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology):
Jyotisha Books

From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology

(1) This is the term for understanding, which is considered in the judgement of the fifth house, highlighting the importance of comprehension, insight, and mental capacity within astrological interpretation.[51]

Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, jyotisha or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Significance in Shaktism (Shakta philosophy):
Shaktism Books

From: Shakti and Shakta

(1) The intellect or higher mind that manifests deeper understanding and spiritual insight.[52]

Shakta or Shaktism (shaktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

The concept of Buddhi in local and regional sources

History Books

Buddhi, representing intellect in Vedanta, encompasses critical thinking, moral judgment, and creative analysis. It acts as a charioteer for the mind, influencing reactions and success, and is pivotal in the Bhagavad Gita's teachings.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The element that the mind invites to become its charioteer, contributing to a successful outcome within the context of the final verse of the Gita.[53] (2) The aspect of intellect that analyzes thoughts and actions, allowing for critical thinking about moral judgments and creative endeavors.[54] (3) A critical concept in the Bhagavadgita associated with intellect and discriminative wisdom, which the translator retains in its original form to convey deeper significance.[55]

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) The intellect, a part of the psychology of mind, which the author wants to work on in the context of the Vedanta, as mentioned in the provided text.[56] (2) This is the intellect, or the determinative, reactive state of the mind, which is the state where the reaction comes from, along with the external world and egoism.[57]

From: History of Science in South Asia

(1) Buddhi is a term that refers to intellect and is one of the elements that decrease successively for each period of ten years in the Bhavaprakasha.[58]