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Significance of Action

In Buddhism, Action encompasses a diverse array of interpretations across various philosophical contexts. It represents acts, processes, and behaviors that substances undergo, influencing understanding in Vaisheshika thought, while in Vaishnavism, it is closely linked to the concept of karma. Action involves engaging in duties, performing deeds in narratives, and influencing mental states in different traditions such as Natyashastra and Vedanta. Collectively, Action signifies a dynamic process essential for spiritual development, ethical judgment, and personal responsibility across various schools of thought.1
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Synonyms: Deed, Act, Performance, Operation, Initiative, Response, Execution, Activity, Task

In French: Action; In Dutch: Actie; In Finnish: Toiminta; In Spanish: 础肠肠颈贸苍; In German: Aktion; In Swedish: Handling; In Malay: Tindakan

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Action'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "Action" (or karman) refers to deeds influenced by afflictions, impacting future experiences. It encompasses various activities performed by beings, lacking inherent nature, and aligns with dynamic cognitive processes and Vaisheshika thought.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) Refers to acts or processes that substances may undergo or perform, recognized as a category in Vaisheshika thought.[1] (2) A process or instance of doing something, usually involving a subject and a verb.[2] (3) The manifestation or behavior that an object might exhibit, which is absent in non-momentary objects.[3] (4) A concept related to the dynamic processes or happenings associated with the means of cognition.[4]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

(1) The various deeds and activities performed by beings, which, according to the text, are seen as lacking inherent nature.[5] (2) In this context, referred to as karman, it indicates deeds or activities, which patience is not classified as.[6] (3) Known as karman, it refers to the deeds and formations that arise as a result of afflictions, affecting future experiences.[7]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: The Great Chariot

(1) spyod[8]

Hindu concept of 'Action'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, "Action" encompasses spiritual efforts for self-realization, influences of past tendencies on future deeds, responsibilities tied to one's duties, and the causal link of actions (karma) affecting the soul's experiences and spiritual journey.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)

(1) Refers to the deeds that have yet to commence and are implied to lead to new embodiments for the souls.[9] (2) The processes or deeds performed by the Self upon returning to the physical realm.[10] (3) Effort and engagement in spiritual practices that lead to the realization of the true nature of the Self and Brahman.[11]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) Action is a term that is connected with sacrificial action that depends on action, and is relevant when considering the postures for meditation.[12] (2) Because of the non-extension of the individual soul, there is no confusion of the results of actions, and therefore each individual is responsible for their deeds.[13] (3) Actions are one of the characteristics of the whole apparent world, which springs from Nescience and the qualification for works.[14]

From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)

(1) In Vedanta, 'action' refers to both physical actions and the tendencies shaped by past experiences influencing future actions.[15]

From: Chandogya Upanishad (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The subsequent step or manifestation that arises from understanding the True, indicating the ultimate goal of knowledge and comprehension.[16]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) A process or deed (kriya) performed by an agent, which is not applicable to the unchanging nature of Brahman.[17]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar):
Vyakarana Books

From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

(1) A reference mentioned in the context of using the sixth case affix, emphasizing its role in grammatical constructions.[18] (2) The dynamic process or activity referenced in the commentary, which involves the usage of words and their meanings.[19] (3) Whenever something, finished or unfinished, is presented as something to be accomplished, it is called 'action', because of its having assumed the form of sequence.[20] (4) The unifying factor that connects the constituents of a compound, allowing them to be interpreted as a whole despite their original individual meanings.[21] (5) The primary element analyzed first in a sentence, as it represents the main intent or result to be achieved.[22]

Vyakarana refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) Refers to the deed of breaking the yogurt pot by the boy.[23] (2) 'karma' represents the deeds or activities performed, reflecting the principle of cause and effect in spiritual terms.[24] (3) Refers to the events occurring within the context of the text.[25] (4) refers to the deed or activity associated with a mental state; in this context, relates to focusing on goodwill.[26]

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) The behaviors or deeds that are being judged or discussed in the context of punishment.[27]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The offering to any god that facilitates the production and spiritual development, essential for the cycle of existence.[28] (2) The active engagement in duties, emphasized as essential for success, particularly in the context of the Kshatriya's role.[29]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vaisheshika (school of philosophy):
Vaisheshika Books

From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali

(1) In this context, principally refers to motion, which cannot occur without a substance.[30] (2) Cited in arguments relating to immateriality and eternal nature but is shown to be devoid of such qualities.[31]

Vaisheshika refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature

Significance in Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy):
Natyashastra Books

From: Natyashastra (English)

(1) Efforts made toward realizing the Principal Plot in a structured manner by skilled creators.[32]

Natyashastra refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Significance in Kavya (poetry):
Kavya Books

From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)

(1) Refers to the perception or interpretation of theft-related actions in the narrative, contrasted with the Shastras.[33]

Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

The concept of Action in local and regional sources

History Books

Action signifies the act of doing, representing a person's conduct and the essential process involved. It emphasizes balanced engagement, especially in conjunction with Yoga, leading to victory in overcoming challenges through coordinated thought and intention.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) This, when combined with Yoga, along with the mind and supermind, will lead to victory in a metaphorical battle when the mind and supermind work together.[34] (2) This should not be mistaken as the ultimate objective but rather as a means to achieve an end, and it requires a balanced approach to prevent rash decisions or inaction.[35] (3) The text states that the narrator's interest in the action of the story is more or less like that of the reader, as the text indicates.[36]

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) Action is the fact or process of doing something, and the text says let there be action without reaction.[37] (2) The fact or process of doing something; be chaste in thought, word, and this.[38]

From: Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages

(1) This term signifies the act of doing something, representing the behavior or conduct a person undertakes or performs, as described.[39]

The concept of Action in scientific sources

Science Books

Action, in this context, refers to the proactive measures taken to prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the financial burden they cause, emphasizing the importance of initiating effective preventative strategies.

Significance in Scientific journals, articles, etc.:

From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences

(1) The process of doing something, and the study aims to help prevent NCDs and catastrophic payments, through appropriate preventative action.[40]

This section includes scientific research in the field of healthcare, often involving traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Holistic health. It includes papers from scientific journals classified as either original, clinical or experimental research, review articles or case reports.

Plural form: Actions.