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Text 5: Aharasutta "Evam me sutam-ekam samayam bhagava savatthiyan viharati jetavane anathapindikassa arame...pe... etadavoca-"cattarome, bhikkhave, ahara bhutanam va sattanam thitiya sambhavesinam va anuggahaya. Katame cattaro? Kabalikaro aharo olariko va sukhumo va, phasso dutiyo, manosancetana tatiya, vinnanam catuttham. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattaro ahara bhutanam va sattanam thitiya sambhavesinam va anuggahaya." "Ime, bhikkhave. cattaro ahara kimnidana kimsamudaya kimjatika kimpabhava? Ime cattaro ahara tanhanidana tanhasamudaya tanhajatika tanhapabhava. Tanha cayam, bhikkhave, kimnidana kimsamudaya kimjatika kimpabhava? Tanha vedananidana vedanasamudaya vedanajatika vedanapabhava. Vedana cayam, bhikkhave, kimnidana kimsamudaya kimjatika kimpabhava? Vedana phassanidana phassasamudaya phassajatika phassapabhava. Phasso cayam, bhikkhave, kimnidano kimsamudayo kimjatiko kimpabhavo? Phasso salayatananidano salayatanasamudayo salayatanajatiko salayatanapabhavo. Salayatanancidam, bhikkhave, kimnidanam kimsamudayam kimjatikam kimpabhavam? Salayatanam namarupanidanam namarupasamudayam namarupajatikam

305 namarupapabhavam. Namarupancidam, bhikkhave, kimnidanam kimsamudayam kimjatikam kimpabhavam? Namarupam vinnananidanam vinnanasamudayam vinnanajatikam vinnanapabhavam. Vinnanancidam, bhikkhave, kimnidanam kimsamudayam kimjatikam kimpabhavam? Vinnanam sankharanidanam sankharasamudayam sankharajatikam sankharapabhavam. Sankhara cime, bhikkhave, kimnidana kimsamudaya kimjatika kimpabhava? Sankhara avijjanidana avijjasamudaya avijjajatika avijjapabhava. "Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjapaccaya sankhara; sankharapaccaya vinnanam...pe... evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Avijjaya tveva asesaviraganirodha sankharanirodho; sankharanirodha vinnananirodho pe evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti" ti. Pathamam. " (Samyuttanikaya II, 11, Nidanavaggapali, Aharasutta No. 11.) Sustenances (The conditioned Nature of food) ... "Thus have I heard: The Exalted One was once staying near Savatthi, at Jeta Grove, in Anathapindka's Park: There are these four sustenances, brethren, for the maintenance of beings that have come to birth or for the forwarding of them that seek to become. Which are the four? Material food, coarse or fine, secondly, contact, thirdly, volition, fourthly, consciousness. These four are the sustenances for the maintenance of beings that have come to birth, or for the forwarding of those that seek to become. And of these four, brethren, what is the base, whence is the uprising? How are they produced? What causes them? Craving is their base, from craving is their uprising, craving produces them, causes them to be. What is the base, whence is the uprising of craving? What produced it? What causes it to be? Feeling is its base, its uprising, produces it, causes it to be. And contact is the base, the uprising, the producer, the cause of feeling, sense of contact, name-and-shape of sense, consciousness of name-and-shape, activities of consciousness, and ignorance of activities. Such verily, brethren, is this: 'conditioned by ignorance are activities, conditioned by activities is consciousness,' and so on. Such is the uprising of the entire mass of ill. But grom the utter fading away and

306 ceasing of ignorance the ceasing of activities, from the ceasing of these the ceasing of consciousness, and so on. Such is the ceasing of this entirre mass of ill." (Tran. Mrs. C.A.F. Rhys Davids, The Book of The Kindred Sayings, part II, PTS, pp. 8-9.)